{"id":30982,"date":"2026-07-16T11:32:58","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T09:32:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kkz.com.pl\/?p=30982"},"modified":"2026-07-03T11:34:04","modified_gmt":"2026-07-03T09:34:04","slug":"criminal-record-expungement-when-and-how-to-clear-your-criminal-record","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kkz.com.pl\/en\/2026\/07\/16\/criminal-record-expungement-when-and-how-to-clear-your-criminal-record\/","title":{"rendered":"Criminal Record Expungement &#8211; when and how to clear your criminal record"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Criminal record expungement<\/strong> is a criminal law mechanism under which a conviction is deemed never to have existed, and the related entry is removed from the National Criminal Register. In practice, this means regaining the status of a person with no criminal record, although the actual effects depend on the specific circumstances, including the type of proceedings, regulatory obligations, and the nature of the activity performed [1][2]. For management board members, entrepreneurs, and professionals responsible for compliance and HR, this matters not only from a reputational perspective, but also from a formal one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>When expungement happens by operation of law and when an application is required<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Polish Criminal Code provides both for <strong>expungement by operation of law<\/strong> and for situations in which an <strong>application for expungement<\/strong> is necessary. The basic rules are set out in Articles 106-108 of the Criminal Code [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once a conviction is expunged, the entry disappears from the National Criminal Register, and the person may, as a rule, state that they have not been convicted. This is important in recruitment processes, licensing proceedings, tenders, AML procedures, as well as when assessing fitness and propriety to perform a given function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In practice, the greatest uncertainty concerns <strong>expungement time limits<\/strong>. There is no single universal period for all cases. The applicable period depends on the type of penalty imposed and on whether it has been served, remitted, or become time-barred for enforcement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Expungement time limits &#8211; key rules<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most commonly applied rules are as follows [1]:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>in the case of a sentence of imprisonment &#8211; expungement generally occurs 10 years after the sentence has been served, remitted, or become time-barred for enforcement,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the court may, upon the convicted person&#8217;s application, order expungement after 5 years if the person has complied with the legal order and the imposed sentence of imprisonment did not exceed 3 years,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>in the case of a restriction of liberty sentence &#8211; expungement occurs 3 years after the sentence has been served, remitted, or become time-barred for enforcement,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>in the case of a fine &#8211; expungement occurs 1 year after the fine has been paid, remitted, or become time-barred for enforcement,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>where the court refrains from imposing a penalty &#8211; expungement occurs 1 year after the judgment becomes final,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>with regard to penal measures, <strong>compensatory measures<\/strong>, or forfeiture &#8211; expungement cannot occur before they have been enforced, remitted, or become time-barred for enforcement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The last rule is particularly important in practice. If the convicted person has paid the fine but has not yet fulfilled the obligation to repair damage, the conviction will not be expunged. In business and executive matters, this detail often determines whether a person can demonstrate a clean criminal record.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Expungement ex officio &#8211; when it applies automatically<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Expungement by operation of law<\/strong> takes place where the law provides for an automatic effect after the statutory period has elapsed and all conditions have been met. As a rule, there is no need to file a separate submission with the court. The entry is removed from the National Criminal Register on the basis of data confirming enforcement of the sentence and the passage of time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This does not mean, however, that every case proceeds without issues. In practice, it is worth checking whether all obligations arising from the judgment have been properly recorded. This applies in particular to the obligation to repair damage, compensatory payments, bans, and other penal measures. Verifying the status of an entry may be necessary when changing jobs, joining corporate bodies, or applying for public contracts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Broader information on criminal proceedings in practice can be found in materials on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kkz.com.pl\/uslugi-prawne\/prawo-karne\/\">criminal law<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Application for expungement &#8211; when it is worth filing<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An <strong>application for expungement<\/strong> is particularly important where the law allows earlier expungement by a court decision. A classic example is a sentence of imprisonment of up to 3 years. After 5 years from the date the sentence was served, remitted, or became time-barred for enforcement, the court may order expungement if the convicted person has complied with the legal order [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The application should indicate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the convicted person&#8217;s details and the case reference number,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the type of penalty imposed and the date it was served,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>information confirming enforcement of penal measures and compensatory obligations,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>justification showing that the person has complied with the legal order since the conviction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A well-prepared <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kkz.com.pl\/wniosek-o-zatarcie-skazania\/\">application for expungement<\/a> should be based on documents, not merely on general statements. In matters involving managers, business owners, and employees responsible for finance, it is also worth addressing the importance of having no criminal record for the function performed or for a planned career change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What are the effects of expungement<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is essentially one legal effect, but it is highly significant: the conviction is deemed never to have existed [1]. As a consequence, the conviction entry is removed from the National Criminal Register maintained under the Act on the National Criminal Register [2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, this does not always mean that all risks disappear entirely. In some regulated sectors, there may be additional disclosure obligations or specific reputational requirements. It also matters whether the issue concerns domestic proceedings, an internal corporate procedure, or foreign due diligence. For that reason, the effects of expungement should always be assessed in light of the specific purpose involved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Most common mistakes in assessing whether a criminal record has been cleared<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>assuming that the mere passage of time is always enough,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>overlooking an unexecuted penal measure or an outstanding obligation to repair damage,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>incorrectly calculating the time limit from the date of judgment instead of from enforcement of the sentence,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>believing that every judgment requires a separate application,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>failing to verify the entry in the National Criminal Register before making statements about having no criminal record.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the case of multiple convictions, the rule under Article 108 of the Criminal Code applies. As a rule, only simultaneous expungement of all convictions is permissible. This is particularly important when analysing the criminal history of individuals managing a company or participating in regulatory proceedings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The importance of expungement for business and public functions<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the business community, criminal record expungement has practical significance. It may affect the ability to obtain a certificate of no criminal record, participate in tenders, serve on company bodies, access positions of trust, and assess reputational risks. In the HR and compliance area, a proper analysis of conviction status is also important from the employer&#8217;s perspective, as decisions should not be based on outdated or incorrectly interpreted data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Basic information about support in such matters is available on the website of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kkz.com.pl\/\">Kope\u0107 &amp; Zaborowski law firm<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This material is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice, because the assessment of the timing and effects of expungement depends on the wording of the judgment, the performance of all obligations, and the individual factual circumstances; if in doubt, it is worth commissioning a document review and using the support available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kkz.com.pl\/\">https:\/\/www.kkz.com.pl\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>FAQ &#8211; criminal record expungement<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Does expungement always happen automatically?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No. In many cases, the statutory mechanism applies and there is <strong>expungement by operation of law<\/strong>, but for some penalties earlier expungement is possible only on the basis of a court decision issued upon application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How long does it take for a conviction to be expunged after a fine?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a rule, 1 year from the date the fine is paid, remitted, or becomes time-barred for enforcement, provided there are no obstacles related to unexecuted penal or compensatory measures [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>When can an application for expungement be filed after a prison sentence?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the sentence did not exceed 3 years, the court may order expungement after 5 years from the date the sentence was served, remitted, or became time-barred for enforcement, provided the person has complied with the legal order [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Does the obligation to repair damage affect expungement?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. Expungement cannot occur before compensatory measures, including the obligation to repair damage, have been enforced, remitted, or become time-barred for enforcement [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Can you obtain a certificate of no criminal record after expungement?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a rule, yes, because the conviction is deemed never to have existed and the entry is removed from the National Criminal Register. In practice, however, it is worth making sure that the register has been updated [2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Are multiple convictions expunged separately?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not always. Under Article 108 of the Criminal Code, as a rule only simultaneous expungement of all convictions is permissible [1]. This may delay the moment when entries are removed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Bibliography<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[1] Act of 6 June 1997 &#8211; Criminal Code, in particular Articles 106-108.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[2] Act of 24 May 2000 on the National Criminal Register.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[3] Ministry of Justice, information on the National Criminal Register and obtaining data from the register, official materials available through public administration websites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Author:&nbsp;<\/strong>adw. Maciej Zaborowski, Managing Partner<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>E-mail:<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:m.zaborowski@kkz.com.pl\"><strong>m.zaborowski@kkz.com.pl<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"tel:+48225015610\"><strong>tel.:&nbsp;<\/strong>+48 22 501 56 10<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maciej-gustaw-zaborowski\/\">LinkedIn<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Criminal record expungement is a criminal law mechanism under which a conviction is deemed never to have existed, and the related entry is removed from the National Criminal Register.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30983,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[411],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Criminal Record Expungement - when and how to clear your criminal record - Law Firm \u2013 Warsaw \u2013 KKZ \u2b50\u2b50\u2b50\u2b50\u2b50 \u2013 Kope\u0107 Zaborowski Attorneys and Legal Advisors<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We invite you to read the latest article - Criminal Record Expungement - when and how to clear your criminal record.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kkz.com.pl\/en\/2026\/07\/16\/criminal-record-expungement-when-and-how-to-clear-your-criminal-record\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Criminal Record Expungement - when and how to clear your criminal record - Law Firm \u2013 Warsaw \u2013 KKZ \u2b50\u2b50\u2b50\u2b50\u2b50 \u2013 Kope\u0107 Zaborowski Attorneys and Legal Advisors\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We invite you to read the latest article - Criminal Record Expungement - when and how to clear your criminal record.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.kkz.com.pl\/en\/2026\/07\/16\/criminal-record-expungement-when-and-how-to-clear-your-criminal-record\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Law Firm \u2013 Warsaw \u2013 KKZ \u2b50\u2b50\u2b50\u2b50\u2b50 \u2013 Kope\u0107 Zaborowski Attorneys and Legal Advisors\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/maciej.zaborowski.5\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-07-16T09:32:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.kkz.com.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Kopia-\u2013-Kopia-KEEPCALM-AND-BE-HEALTHY-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"940\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"788\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin_kkz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin_kkz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.kkz.com.pl\\\/en\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/16\\\/criminal-record-expungement-when-and-how-to-clear-your-criminal-record\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.kkz.com.pl\\\/en\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/16\\\/criminal-record-expungement-when-and-how-to-clear-your-criminal-record\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin_kkz\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.kkz.com.pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3bcd45b2280807483177af6701e2234b\"},\"headline\":\"Criminal Record Expungement &#8211; 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